Archive for the ‘Text’ Category

Todd Malicoat - The SEO Interviews - Number Seven

Thursday, October 12th, 2006

by Darren McGlaughlin

Welcome to the seventh installment of The SEO Interviews. The SEO Interviews are a series of 6 Question Interviews with some of the best and brightest minds in the field of SEO. This week we’re happy to talk to Todd Malicoat.

SEO Profile:

Todd Malicoat has been creating websites since 1997, and started doing SEO and Internet marketing in early 2001. He is a moderator at the World’s largest webmaster forum Webmasterworld.com, and maintains an Internet consulting journal at www.stuntdubl.com.

Todd has recently been a speaker on topics such at both Search Engine Strategies and Webmaster World’s world of search conferences on link development and search engine marketing. Todd offers a variety of search engine marketing services - for more information on Todd, please see his about page.

The SEO Interview

1) Todd, I read some of your writings about “abundance thinking”,
which is a subject I’m also interested in. Tell us how you apply the principles of abundance thinking to your SEO and link building efforts.

The internet has brought about a really interesting paradox with regards to the “abundance mentality”. There is a wonderful “give to get back” karma associated with the web. It’s really more than a cliche - all the most successful companies (google, hotmail, ebay, myspace, etc.) are based around new models that are unique in that they provide some service or offering that was formerly a paid service, and have found new ways to gain profitability.

I’ve been extremely lucky with by being taught by some of the most brilliant minds in the world of SEO/SEM. For me, having an “abundance mentality” was an obligation, because I was really accepted by others with the same attitude. It’s getting harder for me now to be more generous with time (at some point you want to earn some money), but I still really enjoy helping newer people with a hunger. The reason “SEO” has such a positive connotation within the community, is that there is a wealth of information that flows openly to those who think with an abundance mentality. Short-sightedness for a quick buck is sussed out very quickly by a group of people who are professionals at determining bias, and when they’re being “sold something”.

I really like Greg Niland aka GoodROI’s choice for a radio show name, “Good Karma” - because it’s really a big part of what drives the community. There is much more willingness to help folks that you see helping others. Of course, all of this abundance mentality is not just tie dye and hemp bracelets either - it’s good business practice. Helping others gives you a positive reputation that makes sales easier. People respect truth and openness - and in an industry that is so helplessly misunderstood, trust and credibility is incredibly important.

I first fully embraced the “abundance mentality” several years ago after posting a large rant in the webmasterworld supporter’s forum about how people had a “scarcity mentality” and no longer shared any good information. The response I got in less than a few days was a new post by Dean “digitalghost” Bloomfield called “scarcity be damned” - which was a pretty impressive post to me at the time. I was constantly amazed that so many bright people were willing to share their opinion to the sometimes incredibly naive questions that I asked. I appreciate this even more now, after a few years of answering those same types of questions just what a charitable offering that time spent to answer questions was. In an industry that is educated nearly completely online - there is an obligation to return some of that time to new people learning in thanks of the people that you learned from.

There’s a good discussion about DaveN hitting his boiling point on sharing information at threadwatch right now. Everyone who writes about or discusses SEO in the community has this quandry sometimes, and hits the threshhold of no longer wanting to share. It’s very difficult to figure out sometimes what should get shared in the pub, with clients, and publicly. It’s really important to have a group of associates that you share information more freely with in a private trusted setting to compare notes as well as adding to the fountain of fundamental knowledge online.

2) What do you consider to be the most effective method of building
links. And why?

I’m not sure if it’s unfortunate or not, but I don’t think there is a single most effective way to build links. Link building is the worst/best/worst part of doing search marketing. It’s terrible because it’s tedious. It’s fantastic because it offers so much opportunity and so few do it well. It’s terrible again because it can be confusing, counterproductive, and convoluted.

There are lots of different ways to build links, and I am a big advocate of balancing your link profile, which is the investing equivalent of diversifying your portfolio. There are lots of different types of links, of varying degrees of value to different types of sites. The most critical components of link building is to bite the bullet and dedicate resources constantly, and understand the value of a link, and how to get the most bang for your buck from each one that you obtain.

3) The last few years have seen a lot of changes in how search engines rank pages. How have you kept up with the changes, and have any of them surprised you?

SEO really doesn’t change as much as people think it does sometimes. The biggest thing is to have a firm understanding of all the filters and variables at the search engines disposal and hedge your bets accordingly. I’m a big fan of Rand’s search engine ranking factors. Understand those, and you have 80% of SEO.

I’ve honestly spent more time trying to diversify my skillset than anything. I think SEO is more of a business school of thought than a process. The fundamentals of SEO don’t often change - the application of SEO to different business models is what changes most often. When I stop to think about it - I don’t often deliver the necessary value to justify the prices I charge solely through SEO - the value is generally delivered by coming up with a great idea that applies to how to market something more effectively. SEO is still marketing - but it is a new school of marketing. In 9 out of 10 instances, it’s easier to come up with a great marketing idea within the mental framework of SEO principles tha will create more links and traffic, than it is to algorithm chase and try to manipulate short term flaws for immediate gain.

4) What is a great SEO tip that you’re pretty sure not everyone knows.

I really hate to disappoint, but I don’t know of any extremely amazing SEO techniques. Hard work is the key to success for most people who have made it. It’s not REALLY that difficult to learn most SEO - it’s just difficult to apply it before it falls out of favor. It’s difficult to think a few steps ahead of algorithm changes and have strategy in place ahead of time like a good chess player.

Great SEO is understanding the value of a link - and how to create websites for optimal performance through a variety of online marketing methods. I guess I wish I knew more “tricks”, but generally the ones I do hear of, I don’t end up using often anyhow. I’m more a fan of seo tools that generally stand the test of time. Learning to use these tools, how they are most effective, where the data comes from, and how to use it is where many ideas for “tricks” often stem from.

All disclaimers aside, I would encourage people to look at social media optimization. There are lots of places you can create a legitimate profile and get a link.

5) How does you blogging affect your SEO efforts?

To be honest, at this point it is pretty terrible for my SEO efforts. I like having a soapbox on occassion - but I should probably be working on something else most of the time that I spend ranting and raving. I’ve spent much less time on blogging lately, and much more time and fun new projects that I’m hoping will be successful.

Running a GOOD blog is extremely time consuming. As you’ll see with Graywolf from time to time, it’s a great place to experiment, and understanding how to do it effectively has helped me to better understand things that qualify more in the world of social media optimization. I lump everything in as SEO - as the understanding of SEO has helped me to learn about many other aspects of business from other great businesspeople.

Social media optimization is kind of a new cousin of SEO - it’s the same philosophies, but applied to new medium. It’s really optimizing marketing. I spoke on a panel at SES with Neil Patel, Andy Hagans, Rand Fishkin, and Chris Pirillo that was quite well received, and probably the most enjoyable public speaking I’ve ever done - it also really got me increasingly intrigued (obsessed) with the topic of social media optimization, and ways to use new mediums for marketing your message effectively. We’ll be doing the panel again at SES Chicago (unfortunately without Chris who has some more important obligations - congrats mate). With billions of webpages, and millions of media consumption opportunities - it’s not enough to just have a great idea anymore - learning the ways to get into the distribution channels is critical as well.

6) What would you tell someone who is interested in getting into the
SEO field. Is this something they can learn in school?

Unfortunately, I think it’s pretty much all self taught, and learned on the web at this point. There’s a nice thread over at SEW about this right now. I would definitely suggest two of the best articles on the topic from Rand Fishkin and company - Beginner’s guide to SEO and search engine ranking factors can probably teach a hungry new SEO more about the field than any professor could hope to in the near future. There are several other articles and resources I would suggest starting with including:

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Todd Malicoat Interview

Sunday, June 25th, 2006

by Aaron

Todd Malicoat AKA Stuntdubl is no doubt a likeable guy, when he gave news that he was leaving Jim Boykin’s SEO Company to peruse other avenues even Matt Cutts from Google wished him well. So what is Todd most well known for? When thinking of this interview (and choice of conversation) it was clear, Todd is (please excuse or do not excuse the expression) an expert on link building even though he is off looking for greener pastures today. Let’s have a chat with Todd and see if we can get some good data for our own projects.

Todd, thank you for linking to my blog back in a time when I was not even on the radar, I appreciate and will always remember those who support what I do for free.

You earned it man. I think you filled a very valuable niche in SEM that no one had hit hard on yet, and it turned into some great content.

I get requests for links pretty often, but the best thing people can possibly do is find something that has been untapped and focus on it, and I think your interviews are a great example of that. There’s a lot to be said for doing one thing great, versus trying to do too many things just to do them.

Choosing something very specific to be GREAT at can really improve your visibility online, I’m definitely glad to return the favor after there were plenty of great SEM folks who helped to do it for me.

What was it you used to do for Jim Boykin and what is it you are doing today?

Jim brought me in mainly to do sales and consulting for WeBuildPages (WBP). I had actually done some sales in a previous job with SAMSA while creating their SEO service offering, mainly because no one else understood what the heck it was I was doing. I was lucky at WBP to be able to sell a product I believed in, and work with a team I really got along well with. At a certain point, however, there are issues with growth and I ended up doing mainly strategic consulting and not a lot of overseeing of fulfillment. I decided I could really do the consulting side of things on my own until I decided what I’d like to do next. I’m still determining what will be next, and have some incredible (and overwhelming offers). I’m not quite ready to jump at something yet, and prioritizing other areas of my life in the meantime.

I’ve mainly been doing strategic consulting, project management, and SEO training for a select group of clients. It’s been very nice to work with clients that I enjoy and maintain flexibility of when I work. I’ve also been working on developing a few of my own quality sites, overlooking the project management of them like I have done for my clients for a long time now. At somepoint, I started to get pigeonholed into being the “link building guy” which is what I often talk about. It definitely isn’t a bad thing to be associated with strong link development strategy, but it is only a piece (although online a substantial piece) of my bigger passion of business development (specifically online marketing strategy development).

Let’s talk about a recent comment you made on Threadwatch in that “5 Billion Pages Indexed in Less Than 30 Days” thread. You said :

G got away from this and tried outsmarting webmasters and seo’s at some point. You can fool most people most of the time, but you won’t fool ALLthe people all the time. What data do you believe we should have accurate access too?

Do you see any harm in people who are very good at gaming the system having this same access?

I’ve been really frustrated with Google lately. I don’t even LIKE Google bashing, but some of the decisions in the last year and a half or more have just been so against the things that made them great to begin with. I first brought up the subject of trying to dupe SEO’s about a year ago. It may have been unintentional, but G used to be very open with the data that they shared. I think that was one of the things that made them great. Sure, keeping that data open created problems, but when you are honest with people you are going to have everyone on your side. When you start looking at people with slanted eyes, then they are going to start looking at you the same way. Folks like me quickly become jaded. They are doing some really nice things with sitemaps, but I already feel like they have an ulterior motive of US helping them more with sitemaps than they are helping us. It might be that I’m already too jaded though. I would also like to say that all of the people that I’ve ever met from Google were awesome (one of the reasons I feel kinda bad bashin’ ‘em all the time). They are dedicated, and hard working, and really WANT to help. I just think the corporation is bigger than the individuals sometimes. Since they often get picked on by name (and shouldn’t), Matt, Adam, Aaron, Brian, and many others do a fantastic job in improving my (and others) view of Google all the time with their work to improve communications and relations. They know I nitpick at their work, but I hope they also know I’m aware of the 99% of stuff they’ve done that is pretty fantastic, and that I’m glad they listen to constructive criticism and don’t get too pissed at me, because I really do have a high level of respect for what they do.

I think at some point, G started viewing SEO’s as the complete enemy. It may have started earlier, but when I really noticed it was with the debate over paid links. Paid links were a direct threat to the G algorithm. They combated paid links by serving bogus information from the toolbar (IE a site could show PR7 and pass no juice). To me, it is a total BS move. The really smart blackhat folks that they are trying to combat are not going to fall for it, but the mom and pops that they generally try to protect might. One day I should build a list of the other information that I think is kind of bogus from G, but I hate sounding like a tin-foil hat Googlewatch kind of nutjob. I LIKE Google, and I think there are some amazingly smart people working there. I just wish they’d go back to their hippy sandal wearing days, take off their suits and let their hair grow again instead of being so concerned with gobbling up user data and inflating their already insane stock price.

If there’s anyone from G reading this, Please heed this really amazing quote from the Cluetrain manifesto

Controlling information is like trying to control a conversation: it can’t be done and still be genuine.

The media coverage of G was bound to go downhill after the IPO pinnacle, and it is STILL going to go down no matter how hard you try at some point. The less you try to CONTROL information and conversations, the better chances you have that there will be positive outcomes. Information wants to be free. SEO’s WILL figure out which links count, and what is broken with your engine; it is only a matter of time. The end data result HAS to be public. You can obfuscate the information and piss people off by trying to bullshit them, or you can work to open the information up and keep people on your side. It’s a tough thing to do, and to be fair it’s where MOST big businesses fail. It is just more of a shame to see, because Google started with cluetrain roots and has moved more to the corporate side of things in my opinion.

To answer the original question, the example I use often is Yahoo’s willingness to offer up the site explorer tool. It gives very accurate results about backlinks and pages indexed. These are two very important factors to SEO folks. I really don’t think that it has hurt their relevancy in any way, and at least with myself has earned some goodwill. That is information that is important to me to make decisions, and it was probably a pretty easy thing for them to do. There is certainly potential for abuse with any information, but by earning the goodwill they are much more likely to get unsolicited feedback to create a better product. Currently I would be much more likely to offer feedback to Yahoo rather than Google because they are assisting me in a way that doesn’t make me paranoid (like google sitemaps; which is a whole other ball of tinfoil)

I would like to see Google reintroduce tools that did not require logins that were accurate. Graywolf has an excellent critique of Google sitemaps. Sitemaps certainly has potential, but I’m not really a fan of having to make ALL my sites known in one place for limited benefit. As I said, it feels like I’m helping them more than they’re helping me. A really good start would be improving the accuracy of the site and link commands wherethey produced something that was actually worthwhile to users. Something like yahoo’s linkdomain command would be nice as well. There are many areas that they could improve information transparency without creating significant detriment to relevancy. It’sa shame they are currently trying to control the information and conversations, and sacrificing goodwill for confusing spammers in the short term. All SEO’s are really not the enemy. When they intentionally provide misinformation it just pisses people off and creates ill will and makes SEO’s and webmasters REALIZE that they are indeed viewed as the enemy. It doesn’t have to be an information arms race.

Let’s talk about paid links, I have someone who kindly linked one of my blogs from his high PR website, the only problem was he put my link right between what appears to be paid or sponsored links. It really sucks because I do not do any link building for this site and could use some PR, is there a way to determine if a link that exists within a paid co-citation area does not pass favor? Would it be fair for me to lose this favor that was obviously voluntary and a very nice gesture? Or is this just another example of guilt by association resulting in lame collateral damage?

I think paid linking is probably the biggest area of misinformation in the world of SEO right now. Every person who practices link development is paranoid of being penalized for purchasing link juice. I think telling people not to buy links bought the engineers some time to fix the dependency on linking in the algorithm, but it was at the expense of the trust of webmasters. Buying links is another form of advertising. The trouble is that it feels wrong from an editorial standpoint. Folks at Google feel like it is stuffing the ballot box. Realistically, it’s more like political lobbying. You are paying for some influence. To think that money can’t purchase influence is extremely naive in my opinion. The value of top rankings is just too substantial. With so much dependence on links in the algorithm it was bound to happen. I just don’t think fighting the flaw with misinformation is a good tactic, and manually devaluing links is certainly not a scaleable solution. FUD is not the answer.

Sponsorship of websites, and buying links for click through traffic IS a natural link. I was really impressed with Bill Slawski’s quote “the meaning of a link has been transformed from a reference to a vote.” From your last interview. I think it is arrogant of google to try to control how people allocate links (implementing nofollow being another example of this);after they have suggested new rules for the web with the ways they rank documents. What is even more frustrating, is that now they’ve decided to disobey robots standards, and are so concerned with cloaking and spam detection (using multiple bots) and other issues that they are willing to not play by the rules everyone else has agreed to follow.

In regards to you receiving co-citation from a “paid link neighborhood” I wouldn’t worry about it a bit. I really think the best they can do is to identify areas of a site that are paid placement and discount them from passing any juice. You may not get any boost from the link, but I highly doubt that Google would be silly enough to start algorithmically demoting sites that were buying links. Manual reviews may be a different story, but I would doubt a small percentage of paid links are going to do harm even with a manual site review.

With the popularity of Jim Westegren’s link building thread SEO’s appear to still be extremely focused on links, could this actually be like going down with a sinking ship or is link building still working like a charm?

Link building is probably going to be important for quite a while. However, the forms of link building have already evolved heavily in the last few years. There are so many different TYPES of links that it is important to have a varied “natural” mix. I’ve talked a lot about balancing the link equation, which I think is very similar to the concepts that Jim discusses. His guide is fantastic as it gets across the point that there is a need for many different types of links, and they all serve somewhat different purposes while working towards the common goal of increased traffic.

Link building is a lot like grass roots marketing. Asking a mom and pop site to put up a link is the equivalent of asking a small business owner to put up a sign in his or her storefront. Asking an article site to publish your article with a link is similar to submitting a story to a newspaper or magazine. It’s really just another form of marketing. The automated button pusher stuff will continue to work with diminishing levels of success like it always has, but when it’s gone, link building will be very much like grass roots marketing.

Link building is probably the most important element of SEO that no one wants to deal with. It’s not really fun unless you are the one reaping the incredible results, and even then it kind of sucks. It’s tedious, but it’s so extremely important. Many companies outsource their link development or focus their efforts in the wrong areas. Every SEO should be required to do some link building as a prerequisite to doing strategy and development. It gives a fundamental understanding of the critical importance of links, and makes you “think links” with your other decisions. If ad agencies ever get the linking thinking, the game is probably going to shift quickly.

Define “natural” links and ways to encourage others to link without reciprocating.

I think the term “natural” link building has really been used and abused. The original idea of a natural link was I believe, to attract a link without having to ask for it. I suppose this still holds true, and we’ve renamed it to an extent “link-baiting” I’ve found that many SEO’s (myself included) are always thinking about links. With such a high indirect ROI it’s a great way to think. There’s really only one way, however, to “naturally” attract links. Great content. This horse has been beaten to death, so I’ll leave that for the vehement white hat crowd, and point everyone to the brilliant hooks of linkbaiting (http://performancing.com/node/38).

Let me mention a personal belief and see if you agree, say I sell a product and my competitors are ruling the serps with a small number of incoming links. If I have the same links to my site and even better content it will still take an extremely long time to get the same results in Google. I believe that this is the way they keep marketers (who are looking for quick results) at bay, a kind of SEO proof serp, agree?

Firstly, the idea of “link trumping” by volume USED to be correct. It still is to some extent, but unfortunately now, there is so much more that goes into it. With age and trust being such heavy factors, sometimes you don’t need as many links, and some times you may need a whole lot more. There’s just a lot more variables in the equation that hold a whole lot of weight to balance the algo that used to be heavily biased towards ONLY links.

There definitely IS a sandbox, you can argue the semantics, but that is the name that a majority of SEO folks gave the algorithm changes that folks were trying to identify. In hindsight, I like to refer to it as the trustbox, because in my opinion, most all of the algo filters originally called the sandbox are based around establishing trust. It is frustrating to new webmasters trying to make their sites rank high, because new sites are essentially guilty until proven innocent.

While most SEO’s bitch and complain about the trustbox, I think it definitely improves relevancy. I’m not saying that I LIKE having to figure out more complex filters, only that in a high percentage of instances, an old site is likely to be of higher quality than a new site. It is just good use of probability. Of course, with the filtering changes, Google will again change the face of the web as we’ve seen large established brands essentially putting up spammy doorway pages because they can rank so well so quickly, and the repercussions are quite low.

I agree with your SEO proof concept, and I refer to it as quality validation. For instance, if a fantastic new site like Rand and Kat’s Web 2.0 Awards site is launched, you don’t want to keep it in the trustbox forever. I would be willing to bet that user data (toolbar, desktop search, firefox, etc.) are being used to validate the links that the site picks up. Just like link popularity, quality can be faked for a little while. That’s why there’s the need for quality validation. When the user data (whichever criteria are used) validates that the site is, in fact, a quality site, it is given a reprieve from the trustbox. The idea of quality validation is based loosely around the ideas of quality indicators being used. A quality indicator such as user volume or time on site could certainly be used to validate immense link growth within a given timeframe. There are probably plenty of other correlations that could be made with a large enough data set. Michael Gray (aka Graywolf) and I discussed this idea of quality validators and the use of clickstream data extensively with Greg Niland (GoodROI) on GoodKarma if people would like to hear more on the subject.

Why is it that sites take so long to be found for their actual names? Example: The name of my new blog is “internet marketing guide” and there appears to be 131k results for that exact phrase in Google, how long and what do you believe it will take to actually be found for that phrase?

This is one of the collateral damage elements of the trustbox filters in my opinion. With any changes to the algo, there are always going to be unexpected exceptions, and collateral damage to sites that probably SHOULD rank for certain phrases. In fact, one of the things I think is valuable to my clients, is trying to stay a step ahead of what is priority to the search engines to make sure that they don’t become collateral damage when new filters (like the impending subdomain filters) get implemented. Subdomain spam is currently a problem – filters are bound to happen. Do the math. Don’t be a statistic, and then come crying to me.

The same quality validators apply to your own name. An interesting side note, however, is that it seems they loosen up the filters a bit for domain/ site names. This really brings keyword domains back into vogue in my opinion. Keyword domains don’t rank right away for their names, but they do seem to rank much faster from what I’ve seen. The loosening of the quality filters has also made keyword domains much more effective (albeit for only a single phrase most times). Every time a door is closed, there is a window that opens. As far as time, that’s never an answer I like to give because so much can change in 3 months. I’ll say two years, and then you’ll be pleasantly surprised if it’s sooner

I also noticed when I changed the name of a blog after 6 months it put the name in some sort of sandbox, or is it simply that I need incoming links for the new name? (Note: For Wordpress blogs the site name is a sitewide link by default which uses an h1 tag)

I’d probably want to know a little bit more of the history of the site before giving too much of an answer. Google’s algo is so much more complex than people often give it credit for. It’s nearly impossible, in my opinion, to isolate variables and have the data be worth very much for an extensive period of time. The best bet for nearly any site is to establish a strategy of best practices, like Andy Hagans has done with his definitive guide to the sandbox. SEO is similar to investing. You really have to use the best practices and hedge your bets in case something goes strange (because it often does).

I will stop this interview here; those questions should draw some interesting answers from the guy who knows his stuff, thanks for stopping in Todd!

Thanks for the great questions Aaron. Keep up the interesting interviews. Cheers to high rankings!

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SEO Perspectives

Thursday, April 27th, 2006

by Greg Niland

Niland: Hey, everybody! Welcome back to another excellent show of GoodKarma where we help all the newbies out there find their way and also teach the old dogs a few new tricks. This go around, we’re going to be talking about Click Streams which is pretty much using user data and user behavior in order to rank sites and display information. Joining me in this one is going to be Michael Gray aka Gray Wolf and Todd…

(sound bite)

Michael
Gray: Hey, Greg!

Greg: Hi! How are you doing?

Michael: Good!

Greg: You know, I talked with Mr. Producer trying to get a good intro for you and he totally delivered there! Thank you, Mr. Producer.

Michael: That was pretty funny.

Greg: Also joining us, we have Todd the man Stuntdubl. How are you doing, Todd?

Todd
Malicoat: Hey, Greg! Pretty good! That intro was gold. Now, how do I get me one of those?

Greg: Yes.

Michael: A nice car crash sound or something.

Greg: Right! Right! Hit by traffic not by cars.

Todd: How’s it going, Michael?

Michael: Hey, Todd!

…..

(Source)

SEO Perspectives with Greg Niland

Form vs. Function in Site Design

Monday, August 25th, 2003

XHTML and CSS and incorporating them into a site

by Todd Malicoat

In 1896, architect Louis Henri Sullivan said, “Form ever follows function.” This quote has proven timeless, and is very applicable to the design and development of websites. It should be the goal of any developer to meld the design and functionality of a site so that they are inseparable. But wait…maybe they should be separated to an extent. Form and function of a site should have a symbiotic relationship that only has user experience in mind. If not approached carefully, it is easy to create a site that becomes one-sided in this regard. Flash-based websites and overly “SEO’d” websites are examples of what can happen when form is not balanced with function.

One of the unfortunate aspects of websites to date has been that many of the graphic designers have migrated from the print medium. The ideas and attitudes that have carried over from that medium are often not applicable to the new medium of the Internet. It is not the fault of these designers that they are not programmers, but in many ways they have to become programmers to help create successful sites. Form must always follow function in regards to a website. The form of a website should blend with its function and become intertwined with it, but the function is what determines visitor retention. The form should complement the function and serve as the attraction to visitors.

There are several dilemmas to balance when approaching form and function. In the past, websites have done a very poor job of intertwining the two elements to improve user experience. The form of a website is defined by usability and aesthetic elements. Anything that makes a site more appealing to the senses can generally be thought of as a form element. The form of a website is important because it increases the satisfaction of visiting a website by prompting emotional response. A site that lacks form will seem dull and drab and not entice users for a prolonged initial visit to experience a site’s function. The function of a website is defined by performance. A site that is concentrating only on SEO will lack form and ease of use.

The functional elements of a site are what ultimately bring value to the user by helping to “solve a problem.” A site that lacks function will not retain users that strong form will attract. Some examples of form versus function would be the design of a website versus the ability to have the site rank high in search engines. The most aesthetically pleasing sites are not fit to rank well in search engines, and the best ranking sites are normally a long ways from the best looking. It is very necessary to find a balance between these two elements to create a successful website for businesses. One of the best current ways to balance form and function is to actually separate the two. The technologies of CSS and XHTML give us this opportunity.

CSS is a technology that uses the elements of HTML (and/or XHTML) to define display properties for a website. CSS can be used to tell what fonts, colors, borders, etc. will be used for an entire site from a single document. This makes it much easier to change these properties across an entire website than had been in the past. Before the acceptance of CSS, many developers used HTML tables to create complex and visually appealing designs. The problem with that approach was that there was no separation between content and design. CSS is also likely to be a long-term solution because it allows for more streamlined, leaner code that downloads more quickly than its large convoluted table-based counterparts.

(More on CSS can be found here)

XHTML is a language very similar to HTML. There are only very minute differences that careless programmers will most likely not even notice. XHTML is a way to prepare sites for the emerging technologies of XML, and reduce the amount of work required when those technologies become available. XHTML is more a “transition” language that should be used until XML based applications become more widely available and reasonably priced.

According to the W3C:

“Document developers and user agent designers are constantly discovering new ways to express their ideas through new markup. In XML, it is relatively easy to introduce new elements or additional element attributes. The XHTML family is designed to accommodate these extensions through XHTML modules and techniques for developing new XHTML-conforming modules (described in the XHTML Modularization specification). These modules will permit the combination of existing and new feature sets when developing content and when designing new user agents.”

(More information on XHTML is available here)

The integration of these two technologies seems to be the current available way to fuse form and function. With CSS a designer can accomplish visually pleasing layouts while still retaining functionality with the use of XHTML and possibly other technologies.

Flash technology may be applicable to certain types of websites if they require animated or interactive elements. Always be sure to use the test of necessity when deciding to add visual elements. When Flash technology is used, it is the responsibility of the programmer to understand how to implement the technology while still maintaining the ability to be indexed by search engines. Using Flash elements within a website can add visual spice while still maintaining search engine friendliness.

Download time is another key consideration to take into account when deciding on technology for a website. While the number of broadband users is increasing substantially, the majority of people are still using dial-up connections. Using a dial-up Internet connection can make browsing the web a slow and sometimes miserable experience if pages do not load quickly. Writing valid streamlined code and using CSS helps to improve download time and the satisfaction of users.

As with most technologies CSS is not compatible with all web browsers. Many developers are tempted to write off the 2-3 percent of browsing traffic that cannot view CSS, but in many cases this is a mistake. With CSS it is a little more work to make a second version of a site to be viewable in all browsers, but it lends a level of professionalism, and caters to that small percentage that are often ignored and could represent a fair amount of customers. For more information on non-CSS articles check out Steve Champeon’s article on Progressive Enhancement.

The mix of form and function is truly a Zen Art. Neglecting one of the elements can lead to the defeat of a website. Those who master their craft in the balance of form and function will become highly sought-after artisans in the coming future with website importance growing so quickly. So go and study young grasshoppers… but don’t let your significant others smell that incense burning, then they won’t think it’s work that you are doing locked in your office all day.

Additional CSS resources:

http://www.alistapart.com/
http://www.bluerobot.com/
http://www.webmasterworld.com/forum83/
http://www.glish.com/css/

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